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Regulatory Framework · United Kingdom

UK SECR, and what it does and does not ask of your suppliers

Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting makes large and quoted UK companies publish their energy use and Scope 1 and 2 emissions in the annual report. Here is who is caught, what each group must disclose — and why the data request in your inbox is probably coming from somewhere else.

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Summary for orientation only, current at the review date above. Thresholds and requirements are set by regulation and can change — confirm anything load-bearing with the government reporting guidelines or a qualified adviser.

The short version
  • Quoted companies are caught at any size. No threshold at all — the part most readers miss.
  • Large unquoted companies and LLPs are caught on two of three: £54m turnover, £27m balance sheet, 250 employees — uplifted for financial years beginning on or after 6 April 2025 (previously £36m / £18m).
  • Quoted companies report global Scope 1 and 2; large unquoted and LLPs report UK energy and the emissions from it.
  • Under 40,000 kWh for the period? An in-scope organisation can claim the low energy user exemption instead.
  • Scope 3 is voluntary under SECR. So SECR is usually not why a UK customer is asking you for data.

What SECR is

Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting requires large and quoted UK companies to disclose their energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in their annual report. It was introduced by regulations made in 2018, applies to financial years starting on or after 1 April 2019, and replaced the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme. The disclosure lands in the Directors' Report — or, for LLPs, in an Energy and Carbon Report.

It is a disclosure regime, not a reduction target. No company has to cut anything to satisfy SECR. It has to publish the numbers, say how it worked them out, and describe what it did about efficiency during the year.

Who reports, and what boundary

The three groups do not all report the same thing, and this is where summaries usually go wrong.

WhoTestReporting boundary
Quoted companiesAny size — no employee or turnover thresholdGlobal Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, and global energy use
Large unquoted companiesTwo of three: turnover ≥ £54m · balance sheet ≥ £27m · 250+ employeesUK energy use and the Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions associated with it
Large LLPsSame two-of-three test, reported in an Energy and Carbon ReportUK energy use and associated Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions

There is also a genuine carve-out worth knowing: an in-scope organisation that used 40,000 kWh or less across the reporting period may state that it is a low energy user rather than make the full disclosure.

What goes in the report

Energy use

Electricity, gas and transport fuel, in kWh, for the reporting period — with the previous year alongside it after the first year.

Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions

Converted using the UK Government conversion factors. Scope 3 is voluntary under SECR and most reporters include little or none of it.

At least one intensity ratio

Emissions against a business metric the company chooses — per £m turnover, per unit produced, per square metre. The choice is theirs.

Efficiency action and methodology

A narrative of energy-efficiency measures taken in the year, and a statement of the methodology used so the figures can be read properly.

Why the request in your inbox is probably not SECR

This is the part worth being straight about, because getting it wrong sends suppliers looking for the wrong data.

Germany's LkSG generates supplier questionnaires directly: an in-scope company is required to do due diligence on its direct suppliers, so it has to ask them things. SECR does not work like that. It asks a company about its own energy and its own Scope 1 and Scope 2. Your emissions would sit in that company's Scope 3 — and Scope 3 is voluntary under SECR.

So when a UK customer asks you for figures, the driver is usually one of three other things: a net-zero or science-based target they have committed to publicly, a request cascading down from their own customer, or reporting built on the ISSB baseline, where Scope 3 does become required. The request is entirely real. It is just worth knowing which question you are answering, because the answer that satisfies a science-based target is not shaped like the answer that satisfies a listing rule.

The number they want from you

In almost every case it is the same short list: annual electricity in kWh, fuel burned on site and in vehicles, and the Scope 1 and Scope 2 totals that come out of them — with the factor and its vintage stated, so the figure can be checked rather than taken on trust.

EcoDiligence calculates UK Scope 2 on the DEFRA 2024 grid factor of 0.207 kgCO₂e/kWh, location-based and excluding transmission and distribution losses, and states that on the profile and in the PDF. UK profiles carry a UK SECR Disclosure Support badge alongside VSME — which means a structured, self-reported disclosure that helps you answer a request. It is not an SECR filing, not independent assurance, and not a statement that anyone is compliant.

Common questions

Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting is a UK requirement for large companies and quoted companies to disclose their energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in their annual report. It was introduced by regulations made in 2018 and applies to financial years starting on or after 1 April 2019, replacing the earlier CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme. The disclosure sits in the Directors' Report, or in an Energy and Carbon Report for LLPs.

Three groups. Quoted companies are caught at any size, with no threshold at all — that is the part most people miss. Large unquoted companies and large LLPs are caught when they meet at least two of three tests. The company-size limits were uplifted for financial years beginning on or after 6 April 2025: turnover of £54 million or more, a balance sheet total of £27 million or more, or 250 or more employees. For earlier financial years the limits were £36 million and £18 million with the same employee threshold, so check which set applies to the year you are reporting. Public sector bodies and companies below the limits are outside it.

No. An SME that is not quoted and does not meet two of the three size thresholds has no SECR obligation. There is also a specific carve-out for low energy users: an in-scope organisation that consumed 40,000 kWh or less over the reporting period can state that fact instead of making the full disclosure.

Probably not, and it is worth knowing the difference. SECR requires a company to report its own energy and Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. Scope 3 — the category your data would fall into — is voluntary under SECR, and most reporters include little of it. If a UK customer is asking you for figures, the driver is more likely a net-zero or science-based target they have set, a request cascading down from their own customer, or the ISSB-based UK reporting standards. The request is real either way; it is just usually not SECR that is behind it.

They are separate schemes that are often confused because both concern UK energy. ESOS, the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, is a periodic energy audit obligation for large undertakings, run in compliance phases and administered by the Environment Agency. SECR is an annual disclosure obligation that lands in the annual report. An organisation can be in scope for both, for one, or for neither, and being in ESOS does not discharge SECR.

The UK Government conversion factors published annually for company reporting — commonly called the DEFRA factors. EcoDiligence uses the DEFRA 2024 grid factor of 0.207 kgCO₂e per kWh for UK Scope 2, which is a location-based figure and excludes transmission and distribution losses. Using the published national factor and saying which vintage you used is worth more to a reader than a more precise-looking number with no source.

No. Scope 3 disclosure is voluntary under SECR, and many reporters disclose none. That is a meaningful difference from regimes built on the ISSB baseline, where Scope 3 becomes required. If you are being asked for supply chain data by a UK customer, the ask is coming from one of those regimes or from the customer's own commitments rather than from SECR itself.

The UK is a dedicated Smart Pack. Profiles calculate Scope 1 and Scope 2 on the published UK conversion factors, state the factor vintage and its basis on the page, and carry a UK SECR Disclosure Support badge alongside VSME. To be precise about what that is: it is a structured, self-reported disclosure that helps you answer a customer's request, and it is not an SECR filing, not independent assurance, and not a statement that anyone is compliant.

Thresholds, boundaries and exemptions summarised here were reviewed on August 24, 2026 against the UK government environmental reporting guidelines as published at that date. They are set by regulation and can change; this page is orientation, not legal or accounting advice, and scope should be confirmed with the guidelines or a qualified adviser. DEFRA, DESNZ and the Environment Agency are independent of EcoDiligence.

EcoDiligence ESG Passports are self-reported summaries structured for ESG disclosure workflows. Content is not independently assured. Information aligned with EFRAG VSME and IFRS S2 (ISSB) frameworks does not constitute formal compliance or certification.

Give your UK customer a number they can use

Scope 1 and Scope 2 on the published UK factors, with the vintage and the basis on the record. Free to start.